A new study published in JCO Oncology Advances on December 4 suggests that a shorter regimen of vaginal cuff brachytherapy (VCB) is as effective as standard treatments for early-stage endometrial cancer, while offering greater convenience and reducing treatment burden for patients. This finding could significantly impact clinical practice by improving accessibility to cancer care without compromising outcomes.

Dr. Gita Suneja from the Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah led the study, which compared the efficacy and tolerability of a condensed radiation regimen (11 Gy × two fractions) with traditional protocols that involve multiple lower-dose fractions. The study enrolled 108 patients with early-stage endometrial cancer who received either the short-course or standard VCB regimens. Patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life measures, symptom burden, and treatment-related side effects, were assessed throughout the study period.

Results showed no significant differences in patient-reported symptoms, adverse events, or treatment satisfaction between the two groups. At a median follow-up of 28 months, both regimens demonstrated a 96% vaginal control rate, reinforcing the effectiveness of the shorter treatment course. Additionally, patients receiving the two-fraction regimen reported increased convenience and fewer interruptions to daily activities, which may enhance adherence to treatment.

These findings are particularly relevant in the context of healthcare resource optimization, as a shorter treatment course may improve patient throughput and reduce overall healthcare costs. The authors suggest that this approach could be particularly beneficial in settings with limited access to radiation oncology services. However, they call for longer follow-up studies to confirm the durability of these outcomes and ensure long-term safety. Several study authors reported financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry.