A recent systematic review and meta-analysis, published online in Heart on February 24, underscores a significant association between nonmalignant gynecological diseases (NMGD) and the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (C/CVD). These findings highlight an important but often overlooked aspect of women’s health, suggesting that gynecological conditions may have broader systemic implications beyond reproductive health.

The study, led by Dr. Giorgia Elisabeth Colombo from Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Switzerland, analyzed data from 28 studies involving 3,271,242 participants. The results demonstrated that individuals with NMGD were at a significantly higher risk of developing C/CVD, including ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease. Notably, women with specific conditions such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibited an even greater predisposition to these cardiovascular complications.

The underlying mechanisms behind this association are still under investigation, but researchers suggest that chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic disturbances common in gynecological disorders may contribute to cardiovascular risk. Additionally, many women with these conditions experience higher levels of stress and anxiety, which are known risk factors for heart disease. Given these findings, the authors emphasize the importance of integrating cardiovascular risk assessments into the routine care of patients with NMGD. They call for increased awareness among healthcare providers, urging them to consider cardiovascular implications when managing gynecological conditions. Furthermore, they advocate for longitudinal studies to better understand the causal relationship and inform preventive strategies aimed at reducing cardiovascular risks in this population.