This course examines obesity not merely as a consequence of caloric imbalance, but as a complex, chronic, and relapsing metabolic disease. Participants will explore cellular-level mechanisms—including adipocyte hypertrophy, visceral fat accumulation, and adipose tissue inflammation—that drive systemic insulin resistance and multi-organ dysfunction. The curriculum also details the massive clinical and economic burden of obesity-related comorbidities, providing clinicians with a robust pathophysiological framework to improve long-term patient evaluation and therapeutic decision-making.