Anemia is a condition in which the concentration of hemoglobin or the total red blood cell mass is below normal, leading to insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues. It is a common global health problem, particularly affecting children, women of reproductive age, and the elderly. The disorder can be classified based on red blood cell morphology—microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic—or by underlying mechanisms such as decreased production, increased destruction, or blood loss. Anemia has significant clinical implications, as it can impair physical performance, cognitive function, and overall quality of life.sholds to define anemia, with updated normative values considering gender, age, and physiological conditions. For adults, anemia is defined as hemoglobin levels below 13 g/dL in men and below 12 g/dL in non-pregnant women.
